Poverty in America Government Welfare Programs are the...

â€Å"What is poverty? Poverty is hunger. Poverty is lack of shelter. Poverty is being sick and not being able to see a doctor. Poverty is not having access to school and not knowing how to read. Poverty is not having a job, is fear for the future, living one day at a time. Poverty is losing a child to illness brought about by unclean water. Poverty is powerlessness, lack of representation and freedom† (The World Bank, 2009). People are deemed poor if their incomes are insufficient to obtain the basic necessitates for themselves or their families. The most common and stereotypic explanation of poverty is the poor cause their own poverty because in America anything is possible if you want it. This â€Å"blame the poor† point of view is does†¦show more content†¦As for the price for capital, the price of any kind of capital depends on the demand for and supply of units of capital, and, at market equilibrium, the price of capital equals what that capital is worth to its employer. Market discrimination is another cause of poverty according to the text. Power to discriminate and the desire to discriminate are the two primary sources of market discrimination. The power to discriminate comes from a monopolistic market, which does not exist in the present day of the United States. The desire to discriminate is driven from people that are just downright prejudice. From an economic prospective, prejudice results in the resources being allocated on a basis other than productivity. So, employment opportunities and incomes of the adversely affected groups are reduced. The 2001 census bureau report 22.2 percent of people without a high school diploma lived in poverty as opposed to 9.6 who had a diploma. 14.2 percent of high school dropouts were lived in long term poverty, while 3.8 percent of people with high school diplomas lived in long term poverty. In less affluent neighborhoods, there is usually no funding available to hire quality teachers and equipment needed to educate the youth. As we progress education has become one of the main keys to battling poverty. It is harder to earn a decent living without having some kind ofShow MoreRelatedPoverty in America: Government Welfare Programs are the Solution2574 Words   |  11 PagesPoverty is quite an issue not only in third world countries but also here in the United States. Interviews were conducted with 74 families with school-age children, including 44 families living at or below 150% of the federal poverty level and 30 families living above 150% of poverty (Heymann 5). Over 14 million U.S. children lived in poverty in 1997 (Sherman and Sandfort 555). Many times it is easy for people to hide certain aspects of their lives. However, poverty is not one of them. When aRead More Politics and Poverty Essay1237 Words   |  5 PagesPolitics and Poverty Today there is a split in American politics on how to combat poverty. Throughout history, how America combats poverty has changed depending on what party is running the government. There has been a number of different parties however, Republican, Democrat, The Bull Moose Party, and other various ones. However, these views can be put into two main categories: The Liberal ideology and the Conservative ideology. There are three areas, which have broad and differing views on howRead MoreWhy Does Poverty Still Exist Among Black Americans? Essay1359 Words   |  6 Pagesdoes poverty still exist among Black Americans? 2016 FA.Soc.220.02 Social Problems Kesha Hicks â€Æ' â€Å"The United States has the highest poverty rate of any advance industrial nation† (Elizabetha, 2013). For many years, black people have considered to be the poorest race in the United states. There have been many government programs put in place to help poverty among black Americans. Such as welfare, unemployment, and Medicaid just to name a few. The question is, with so many government programs, whyRead MoreWelfare Is Not Solving Poverty923 Words   |  4 Pagesthe need for its own existence.† Welfare is not solving Poverty in America. Before I start this argument I need to assert that I do not think that welfare is a matter of solving poverty anymore. I agree with Ban Ki-Moon when he says, â€Å"True security is based on people’s welfare.† Welfare has become a way of keeping the impoverished people from becoming desperate enough to commit crimes, but within this system, that was originally meant to improve the poverty situation, there is evidenc e that itRead MoreWelfare System : A Need Of Reform1022 Words   |  5 PagesWelfare System: In Need of Reform During the past two decades, predominantly since the mid-1990s, congress has intensely restructured the nation’s system of cash welfare assistance for low-income families. The welfare system was intended to be a safety net for those facing economic poverties in order to help workers get back on their feet. However, welfare programs seem to have spiked the unemployment percentage and increased expenditure on social welfare programs at expeditious rates. Although supportersRead MoreCombating Poverty in America: Time For a Change1134 Words   |  5 PagesPresident Johnson is well known for making major policy reform in order to combat poverty. Welfare, a social program designed to combat poverty, has been a controversial issue for many years and has been reformed under the Clinton and Bush administrations. In 1996 President Bill Clinton brought welfare reform to congress with help from the Republican Party. Newt Gingrich and Bob Dole led the reform action. President Clinton v etoed the first two bills presented, but later proposed a third versionRead MoreThe Issue Of Welfare And Welfare1360 Words   |  6 Pagesessentially what welfare is. Welfare comes in all different shapes and sizes but its main focus is to take money from taxes and hand it out to the people who need it. Now welfare as a whole is a very understandable system and is very helpful to those who fall out of work and need a little help to sustain themselves while they get back on their feet. However, people are living on welfare and will always live on welfare until the government makes improvements within its system. The government has providedRead MorePoverty Of The United States1146 Words   |  5 Pages Poverty in the United States is a big concern that the nation face all together. Poverty is the main reasons why people are homeless, do not have enough food to eat, cannot get the medical help needed, and why there are so many crimes throughout the world. The main focus is poverty in the United States and how as a nation the citizens came together to help one another out. RONALD REAGAN famously said, â€Å"We fought a war on poverty and poverty won.† With 46 million Americans — 15 percent of the populationRead MorePoverty, Social Security, and Conspiracy Theories1103 Words   |  4 PagesQuestions: Poverty, Social Security and Conspiracy Theories 1.Why are there still poor people in America half a century after the implementation of a system of social welfare programs that were designed to end poverty? In the 1960s there was a major effort to address the problem of poverty in America. The most significant component was called Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC). AFDC was passed in last period of vigorous liberal reforms in the 20th century. By the 1980s welfare programsRead MorePoverty Inequality : The United States1040 Words   |  5 PagesPoverty is one of the greatest problems in the United States today. Poverty is the state or condition of having little or no money, goods, or means of support; a condition of being poor.Many people, especially African Americans and children, live in poverty. People in poverty are left to face different social, cultural, physical and mental challenges.The American Dream is to have a well paying job and to be comfortable, but most Americans are forced to live a life of poverty. Although the United

Essay about The Establishment of Globalization - 1364 Words

Traditional international trade involves a complex system of trade barriers to ensure the protection of domestic industry and its workers interests. The trade impediments and subsidies include protective tariffs, import quotas, non-tariff barriers such as licensing, and export subsidies. Originally, a country’s economy acted independently of other nations. The growing trend since the establishment of GATT in 1947 is globalization. Introduction In globalization, a country acts as a part of a free trading community consisting of member nations around the globe. As a trading community, trade problems can easily be resolved through negotiations rather than a trade war (McConnell 104-105). The US government employs the use of protective†¦show more content†¦Currently, there are several products, which have an AD order on them; barbed wire and barb less wire strands, welded carbon steel pipe and tubing, line and pressure pipe, oil country tubular goods, hot rolled carbon steel flat products, corrosion-resistant carbon steel flat products, cotton shop towels, solid urea, steel concrete reinforcing bars, sugar, cut-to-length carbon steel plate, stainless steel plate in coils, iron construction casting, carbon steel butt-weld pipe fittings, brass sheet and strip, frozen concentrated orange juice, industrial nitrocellulose, silicon metal, circular welded non-alloy steel pipe, stainless steel wire rod, silicomanganese, stain less steel wire rod, stainless steel bar, line and pressure pipe, new steel rails, pure and alloy magnesium, fresh Atlantic salmon, preserved mushrooms, chloropicrin, barium chloride, greig polyester cotton print cloth, natural bristle paint brushes and brush heads, petroleum wax candles, porcelain-on-steel cooking ware, tapered roller bearings, heavy forged hand tools w/wo handles, sparklers, sulfur chemicals, sulfanilic acid, helical spring lock washers, sebacic acid, paper clips, cased pencils, coumarin, fresh garlic, furfuryl alcohol, glycine, melamine institutional dinnerware, to obtain a complete product listing visit the antidumping website. Countervailing duties are used to help industry compete against foreign subsidized industry. A country will subsidize an industry itShow MoreRelatedImpact Of Globalization On The World1229 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Globalization is the process by which everyday life, marked by the diffusion of commodities and ideas, is becoming standardized around the world.† Presently, the world is considered more globalized than it has ever been. The world today has embarked on strong world relations through trade, exchanging both knowledge and goods. According to the World Trade Organization there are ten benefits of trading systems; the first entails the idea that â€Å"people are usually reluctant to fight their customersRead MoreEconomic Exchange within a Globalized World1195 Words   |  5 Pagesessence the product of this globalization. Globalization is the international integration or interaction of resources which comes from the exchange of products and ideas between nations (Gl obalization n.d.). The process of globalization is mainly caused by economic exchange. This exchange can range from the trade of materials, to investment of money in foreign banks, and to the technology which has given rise to a more interconnected world. Consequently globalization can be seen have a great influenceRead MoreEffects and Prudence of Globalization948 Words   |  4 PagesGlobalization is a very controversial issue that has attracted massive attention in the past few decades. Globalization has impacted people across the world in personal, social, political and economic fields. The effects of globalization are numerous. People across one country today eat from the same restaurants, wear the same clothes, speak the same language and drive the same car as people from the opposite side of the globe. Instant communication with people is easier today than ever. The consequencesRead MoreThe Beginning Of International Liberalism1035 Words   |  5 Pages1914-1939: The begin ning of International Liberalism - Wilsonian Liberalism - the first stages of contemporary globalization of trade, the establishment of international institutions that would secure the free flow of capital - the institutionalization of international economic practices, the rise of production but also the end of WWI and the inter-war period economic crisis. The Russian Revolution as an attempt to overthought capitalism, the failed socialist revolutions in Europe and finally theRead MoreThe Impact Of Technological Revolution On North Carolinas Economy1268 Words   |  6 PagesGlobalization is not a new phenomenon. However, if the average person on the streets was asked about globalization, the overwhelming response would be connected to newer technologies such as the Internet, tablets, or cell phones. This response is due to the rapid expansion of the globalization concept occurring during the technological revolution. The technological revolution is credited for enhancing the U. S. and global economies. While this is true, the effects of the technological revolutionRead MoreCulture Globalization and Its Impact on Recreation Culture1353 Words   |  6 Pagestwenty century until that day by globalization theory, its concept and future impacts . the scientists opinions had varied about globalization repercussions at rising countries including the Arab and Islamic countries . cultural globalization is one of globalization fields which correlated by cultural side , all life fields impacted by globalization , the sport field is one of fields which impact by social phenomenon what appear on societies , but globalization appearance and its effect on anyRead MoreGlobalization and Its Types1508 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Globalization can be described as interaction among the countries in the world with the purpose of developing the global economy. It can also be referred to as integration of economies as well as societies within the entire world. It entails technological, economical, cultural and political exchanges that are facilitated through advances in transportation, infrastructure and communication. Globalization process has increased connectivity and interdependence of the markets and businessesRead MoreRelationship Between An Organization, Its Environment And Affiliation1425 Words   |  6 PagesAn Organization, Its Environment And Affiliation To Globalization In Today s Modern Economy. This paper depends on association s inner and outer environment in today s present day economy. It likewise talks about the drivers of globalization and impacts of globalization on association s surroundings. Firstly, it is critical to comprehend the meaning of globalization as there are numerous definitions. Besides, the drivers of globalization are talked about in this exposition including the historyRead MoreHow Organizations Are Open Systems Essay1560 Words   |  7 Pagesor both. This essay is based on organization s internal and external environment in today s modern economy. It also discusses the drivers of globalization and effects of globalization on organization s environment. Firstly, it is important to understand the definition of globalization as there are many definitions. Secondly, the drivers of globalization are discussed in this essay including the history, aim and role of World Trade Organization. Further, the relationship between organization sRead MoreCross-Cultural Exchange1004 Words   |  5 PagesThe French establishment of the Organisation of Internationale de la Francophonie was their resistance to outside cultural influence. The French believed that globalization will threaten cultural diversity and that American culture will have an adverse effect on French culture. The preservation of French language was a way to retain it cultural identity in the world and not be pushed to a homogeneous world culture. More specifically France was resisting American culture. The French had the notion

Strategic human resource management (SHRM) Samples for Students

Question: Discuss About the MMH230 Fundamentals of HRM ? Answer: Introduction Strategic human resource management (SHRM) is known for its functioning that links the practices of human resource with the strategies and objectives of the organization with the help of employees skills, behavior and attitude (Schuler Jackson, 2008, pp. 101-104). It helps the Hr management to address the needs of human resources. Hence, it can be said that SHRM facilitates the organizations to get the complete engagement of the employees within the organizational activities, which ensure the long-term services to the organization. If an organization is not applying SHRM, then the issues related to the employee make take place during the achievement of short-term and long-term organizational goals. The issues related to employees affect the motivation of the employees and create workplace issue that reduces the impacts of retention policy of the organization (Rynes, Gerhart Minette, 2004, pp. 381394). In this context, this paper will analyze the factors that cause employee turnover and their implications to the HR management of the organization. Theory and Concepts of SHRM There are many theories related to the human resource management that allows the HR management to address the needs of employees and meet the rules and regulations related to the employees to ensure the long-term growth of the organization. In this context, Shonfield (2001) gives the definition of SHRM and also define the theory of SHRM that is used by the organizations to set the working environment, flow of information and communication within the organization, job responsibility, incentives, and employee role towards the goal of the organization. It also considers the employee's betterment. The concept of the SHRM can be understood with the help of some of its points that are: Performance management: It is an important concept of the SHRM because the poor management of performance will reflect in the effort of the employees. Due to this, the employee may not be able to fulfill their objectives along with the objectives of the organization (Acevedo Yancey, 2011, pp. 349-354). Employee retention strategies: The retention concept of SHRM helps the HR management of the organization to focus on such steps and implement such strategies that only benefits the employees replace the dissatisfaction and motivate the employees towards the achievement of the organizational goals (Armstrong, Brown Reilly, 2011, pp. 106-120). The retention strategies of an organization include rewards for the best performance of the employees, promotions, career growth, regular training, and social benefits to the family members, facilities to family and after job security to the employees. Strategies such as employee retention strategies are different from the HR strategies that are used by the HR management to hire and select an employee to fulfill the internal job vacancy (Armstrong, Brown Reilly, 2011, pp. 106-120). The concept related to the SHRM shows the importance of the human resources of an organization in achieving the goal based targets in the competitive market. Employee Turnover The theories and concepts of the SHRM focus towards the performance management and retention of the employees within the organization. To ensure the low turnover of employees, each organization introduces the employee motivational strategies that ensure the performance and efforts of new employees in the favor of the organization (Boswell et, al, 2001, pp. 307-327). But there are several other factors that are not different related affects the performance of the employees but it makes negative impacts on the performance of employees and regular poor performance motivates employees to leave the organization forever. Factors that Cause Employee Turnover There are several factors that cause the employee turnover. Some of the factors are given below: Lack of Training A new employee needs employees training and development program to develop the understating towards the workplace environment, job responsibilities and career growth within the organization (Rothwell, et al, 2015, pp. 115-119). If an employee start working without getting the proper training cannot be able to perform their responsibilities in a more effective manner because of the poor understanding of the policies of the workplace and processes which would help an employee to get a positive appraisal. On the other hand, an employee which face the regular issue related to their performance will not able to work for longer-time and lie to leave the workplace of an organization to get new job opportunity in market (Rothwell, et al, 2015, pp. 115-119). Further, untrained employees cannot get the support of the management of the organization which will also increase the turnover of the employees. Poor Working Environment Workplace environment is another factor that plays a role in the employee turnover. It means if the workplace environment is in the favor of the employees then it will reduce the employee turnover. But the negative workplace environment that not supports the employees may be increased the turnover of the employees (Aslam, et al, 2011, pp. 738-745). Workplace environment includes the necessary tools such as technology, machinery, and required equipment and strategies related to the production that facilitates an employee to do better performance and achieve organizational objectives and goals (Krar, 2013, pp. 717). On the other hand, the poor working conditions because of the physical elements will only lead to the lower level productivity and create job dissatisfaction. The organization cannot address the issue related to workplace, employees will no longer able to work for the organization. Ineffective Leadership The training to leadership, development of employees and seminars for the development of professionalism and functions of the workshops demonstrate the interest of the employers to tapping the existing human resources for their higher level performance within the workplace through the help of internal promotions and career succession policies (Rothwell, 2015, pp. 283-284). In this context, the ineffective leadership causes poor impacts on the performance of the employees and causes their failure in providing support to employees who show interest and attitude in the workplace opportunities as like promotions (Mol, 2003, pp. 166-167). The promotion of employees without providing the minimum level of training to employees increases the risks to the employer because of the low productivity and high turnover. Hence, it can be also stated that the poor training to the employees related to the leadership and development of the employees makes direct impacts on the employee turnout (Wulf, 2012, pp. 320-322). This is because leadership training facilitates the employees to work as per the needs of the organization through developing the cooperative the behavior in the workplace. If the performance of employees has poor and their supervisor reports, to the management of the poor performance of the employees then it will also affect the employee-supervisor relationship that also increased the turnover of the employees. Workplace Conflict Conflict is a factor that makes direct impacts on the workplace relationship. In this context, it can be stated that workplace conflicts take place if the human resource management of the company fails to resolve or investigating the issues related to the performance of the employees. Due to this situation, the employees do not able to perform their responsibilities with applying full efforts. As a result, the performance of employees suffers (Patricia, 2013, p. 172). On the other hand, the conflict in the workplace causes detrimental impact of the morale of the employees, which increase the employee turnover. The employer can address the issues related to the workplace conflict by offering equal opportunities and benefits for the employees with the help of fair working practices which will provide the equal chance to each employee to grab the opportunity. Otherwise, the use of unfair work practices in the workplace will also increase the workplace conflicts and increase the employee s turnover (Patricia, 2013, p. 172). Employee Communication The regular communication between the employees and employer is a good thing for an organization to achieve the productivity level. In this context, if an employer makes regular communication with the employees helps to improve the positive behavior and interest of the employees within the organizational activities of those employees, who feel unappreciated and undervalued (Carroll, 2015, p. 326). Further, regular communication with employees allows the employer to inform about the changes in the organizational activities, plans related to staffing and demand of the business that will help to ensure the availability of the employees within the workplace. In this context, if the employer neglects their employees and do not make direct communication with them then it may affect their performance and productivity. The communication gap can also develop the negative attitude among the employees towards the organizational policies (Carroll, 2015, pp. 326-328) that can affect their overall productivity, which may restrict the employer from good appraisal of the employees. Hence, this situation will also increase the employee turnover. Need of Growth in Career: In the context of present technology era, everybody is using the Internet to get the real time information from the market in the context of job and available opportunities to them. The internet is also allowing the employees to learn new skills that can improve their competencies in the organization. In this context, the changes in the existing job profile to give pace to the growth of the career are also a reason behind the turnover of the employees (Felps, et al, 2009, pp. 545-561). This is because the learning gain from an organization may help the employees to the get high salary in the other organization. HR management of an organization cannot stop it but can change the existing job profile of the employees by shifting their responsibilities and role within the organization (Boswell, Boudreau Tichy, 2005, pp. 882-892). As a result, Hr management can provide an effective job profile to the employee, which can help to learn new skills and knowledge which will reduce the employe e turnover for some period not for forever. Effectiveness of Retention Affecting Factors for HR Strategies HRM policies play a significant role to reduce the employee turnover in the organization by addressing the factors which increase the employee turnover. For example, lack of training of new employees is a factor that causes employee turnover. To overcome this issue, the HR department of the organization should have to introduce the effective training and development plan to the new employees, which will help the new employees to develop the skills and competences as per their job description (Phillips Connell, 2004, pp. 189-102). After getting training, HR management can increase the engagement and interest of the employees in the organizational activities that will improve the productivity and performance of employees. As a result, the organization may be able to provide the good appraisal to them that will increase their availability to the organization for long-time. On the other hand, the workplace conflict will define the HR management that there is not something wrong with the existing HR practices. With the help of this, the HR management of the company can be able to make changes in the existing employee practices to ensure the use of fair work policies within the company that will ensure the equal participation of each employee (Boswell, Shipp, Payne, Culbertson, 2009, pp. 844-858). The communication between employees and employer is another important factor that will increase the performance of the employees if it is good and favor the employees. The good communication will also help the HR department to the reduce the gap between employee and employer which will increase the mutual cooperation within the workplace which reflect positive impacts on the performance and productivity of the employees (Phillips Connell, 2004, pp. 189-102). Therefore, it can be stated that the factors related to the employee turnover can help the HR management of an organization to reduce the issues related to employees, which will also increase the performance of employees. Employee Retention Strategies and its Effectiveness for HR practitioners to address problem The retention of the employees within an organization is a subject related betterment of the HR policies and practices. According to Aslam, et al, (2011), employee retention strategies facilitate the HR management of the organization to increase the interest of the employees in the organizational activities. As a result, the rate of employee engagement in the organizational tasks increases that will reflect in the term of productivity improvement. With the help of this, the HR management can also address the issue related to poor perform, less effective workplace environment and gap in the desired productivity of the employees because the engagement of the employees will motivate the employees to apply best effort that can help to complete the task of organization within the given time with accuracy. The researcher also separate the employee retaining strategy with the HR practices of the organization and says that the retention strategy is a part of the SHRM strategies but the poor retention strategy may not help the HR management to get the benefits of effective HR practices (Aslam, et al, 2011, 738-745). On the other hand, Osman, Ho Galang (2011) states that the employee retention strategy does not only help the organization to ensure the availability of the employee for ling-time but these strategies also turns the negative behavior of the employees into positive, which motivate them to ignore the issues related to their performance if the management are supportive and favors the employees by addressing the employee oriented policies. With the help of this, the HR management can also address the issues related to the workplace communication and employees will come with their issues to the management due to the two way communication facilities. In the word of Cahalane Sites (2008), Emotional relationship between management and employees is an employee retention policy that can be achieved by the HR management through the education and health policy for the family of the employees. This policy can be costly for the organization because of the impacts on the revenue but it will help to get the service of the employees for the long period that will help the organization to gain more benefits rather the investment on the employees. With the help of this retention policy, HR management of the organization can address workplace conflict in effective ways. This is because the emotional relationship will help the employees to secure the social security of employees (Cahalane Sites, 2008, pp. 91-114). As a result, employees would express their issues to the HR management without any fear and management can be able to make changes in the policies to address the issue as soon as possible. In the word of Monsen Boss (2008), strategic entrepreneurship is an effective term for the HR management that impacts on the staff and management positively. This entrepreneurship includes the innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk taking approach, which facilitates the organization to improve the job satisfaction of the employees. This is because strategic entrepreneurship helps the HR management to reduce the job stress and increase the employee retention (Boswell, Olson-Buchanan LePine, 2004, pp. 165-181). Employee satisfaction will also help the HR management to address the issue related to poor workplace while the satisfied employees will take involvement in each organizational policy (Monsen Boss, 2008, pp. 71-104) that will improve the performance of their groups also. The research outcomes of Moncarz, Zhao Kay (2009) describes that the culture of the corporate, the process of employee hiring, promotions of employees, the practices of the training influence and security of the employee future after job the job are some retention strategy for the retention of non?management employee. If these strategies do not discriminate among the employees and provides the fair workplace practices to the employees, organization will not see the growth in the employee turnover because these strategies will help HR management to replace the lack of the leadership training and employees will get self-motivation to lead within the organization (Moncarz, Zhao Kay, 2009, pp. 437-458). According to Samuel Chipunza (2009), there are some extrinsic and intrinsic motivational variables, which influence the retention of the employees along with the employee turnover. If the motivational factors are enough and effectively encourage the employees towards the productivity, then the organization may be able to retain employees for long-time. This situation will also help the HR management to reduce the employee turnover which will benefit the organization positively. On the other hand, the researchers Schuler, Jackson Tarique (2011) describe that the regular focus on the needs and necessities of human resource to perform the daily work practices will help the organization to reduce the employee dissatisfaction and increase the performance of the employees. In this context, reward to employee for the better performance and achievement or the recognition of the employees performance by the employer will help the HR department to make effective policies to replace the performance gap and increase their productivity level (Schuler, Jackson Tarique, 2011, pp. 506-516). Therefore, it can be stated the employee retention strategy also increases the effectiveness of the HR practices of the organization because retention policies define the efforts of the organization that has to use to motivate the employees for their longer service to the organization. Conclusion Above discussion explores that the SHRM is used by the organization to target some small-term and long-term targets through the help of the employees. For this, organizations used the employee retention policy that helped the HR management to reduce the turnover of the employees. But the poor workplace environment, less effective training, poor communication, and workplace issues are some factors that did not only affect the performance of the employees but also increased the dissatisfaction level, which motivated the employees to leave the organization and search new jobs. Any organization can address the high rate of employee turnover through providing the regular support to the organization in the area of performance improvement, which will help them to fulfill the expectations of the organization along with the personal needs. With the help SHRM strategies, the management of an organization can also replace the issues from the workplace and provide the best possible career option s to them that will definitely reduce the employee turnover. References Acevedo, J.M. Yancey, G.B. (2011) Assessing new employee orientation programs. Journal of Workplace Learning, 23 (5), pp. 349-354. Armstrong, M., Brown, D. Reilly, P. (2011) Increasing the effectiveness of reward management: an evidence-based approach. Employee Relations, 33 (2), pp. 106-120. Aslam, H.D., Javaid, T., Tanveer, A., Khan, M. Shabbir, F. (2011) A Journey from Individual to Organizational Learning. International Journal of Academic Research, 3 (3), pp. 738-745. Boswell, W. R., Boudreau, J. W. Tichy, J. (2005) The relationship between employee job change and job satisfaction: The honeymoon-hangover effect. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, pp. 882-892. Boswell, W. R., Moyniha, L. M., Roehling, M. V. Cavanaugh, M. A. (2001) Responsibilities in the new employment relationship: An empirical test of an assumed phenomenon. Journal of Managerial Issues, 13, pp. 307-327. Boswell, W. R., Olson-Buchanan, J. B. LePine, M. A. (2004) Relations between stress and work outcomes: The role of felt challenge, job control, and psychological strain. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 64, pp. 165-181. Boswell, W. R., Shipp, A. J., Payne, S. C. Culbertson, S. S. (2009) Changes in job satisfaction over time: The surprising role of honeymoons and hangovers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94, pp. 844-858. Cahalane, H. Sites, E.W. (2008) The Climate of Child Welfare Employee Retention. Child Welfare-Arlington, 87(1), pp. 91-114. Carroll, C.E. (2015) The Handbook of Communication and Corporate Reputation. USA:John Wiley Sons. Felps, F., Mitchell, T.R., Hekman, D.R., Lee, T.W., Holtom, B.C. Harman, W.S. (2009) Turnover Contagion: How Coworkers' Job Embeddedness and Job Search Behaviors Influence Quitting. Academic Management, 52(3), pp. 545-561. Krar, S.F. (2013) Technology of Machine Tools. Australai: McGraw-Hill Education. Mol, T. (2003) Productive Safety Management. USA: Routledge. Moncarz, E., Zhao, J. Kay, C. (2009) An exploratory study of US lodging properties' organizational practices on employee turnover and retention. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 21(4), pp.437-458. Monsen, E. Boss, R.W. (2008). The Impact of Strategic Entrepreneurship Inside the Organization: Examining Job Stress and Employee Retention. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(1), pp. 71104. Osman, I., Ho, T.C.F. Galang, M.C. (2011) The relationship between human resource practices and firm performance. Business Strategy Series, 12 (1), p. 41-48. Patricia, P. (2013) International Business Strategy and Entrepreneurship: An Information Technology Perspective: An Information Technology Perspective. USA: IGI Global. Phillips, J.J. Connell, A.O. (2004) Managing Employee Retention. USA: Routledge. Rothwell, W.J. (2015) Effective Succession Planning: Ensuring Leadership Continuity and Building Talent from Within. USA: AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Rothwell, W.J., Jackson, R.D., Ressler, C.L. Jones, M.C., Brower, M. (2015) Career Planning and Succession Management: Developing Your Organization's Talentfor Today and Tomorrow. USA: ABC-CLIO. Rynes, S.L., Gerhart, B. Minette, K.A. (2004) The importance of pay in employee motivation: discrepancies between what people say and what they do. Human Resource Management, 43 (4), pp. 381394. Samuel, M. O. Chipunza, C. (2009) Employee retention and turnover: Using motivational variables as a panacea. African Journal of Business Management; Victoria Island, 3(8), pp. 410-415. Schuler, R.S., Jackson, S.E. Tarique, I. (2011) Global Talent Management and Global Talent Challenges: Strategic Opportunities for IHRM. Journal of World Business, 46 (4), p. 506516. Shonfield, D. (2001) Equal Pay Guide. UK: CIPD Publishing. Wulf, K. (2012) Ethics and Compliance Programs in Multinational Organizations. Springer Science Business Media.

Starving The Hungary Essays - U.S. Route 66, Dust Bowl, Great Plains

Starving the Hungary Though most Americans are aware of the Great Depression of 1929, which may well be the most serious problem facing our free enterprise economic system, few know of the many Americans who lost their homes, life savings and jobs. This paper briefly states the causes of the depression and summarizes the vast problems Americans faced during the eleven years of its span. This paper primarily focuses on what life was like for farmers during the time of the Depression, as portrayed in John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath, and tells what the government did to end the Depression. In the 1920's, after World War 1, danger signals were apparent that a great Depression was coming. A major cause of the Depression was that the pay of workers did not increase at all. Because of this, they couldn't afford manufactured goods. While the factories were still manufacturing goods, Americans weren't able to afford them and the factories made no money (Drewry and O'connor 559). Another major cause related to farmers. Farmers weren't doing to well because they were producing more crops and farm products than could be sold at high prices. Therefore, they made a very small profit. This insufficient profit wouldn't allow the farmers to purchase new machinery and because of this they couldn't produce goods quick enough (Drewry and O'connor 559). A new plan was created called the installment plan. This plan was established because many Americans didn't have enough money to buy goods and services that were needed or wanted. The installment plan stated that people could buy products on credit and make monthly payments. The one major problem with this idea was that people soon found out that they couldn't afford to make the monthly payment(Drewry and O'connor 559). In 1929 the stock market crashed. Many Americans purchased stocks because they were certain of the economy. People started selling their stocks at a fast pace; over sixteen million stocks were sold! Numerous stock prices dropped to fraction of their value. Banks lost money from the stock market and from Americans who couldn't pay back loans. Many factories lost money and went out of business because of this great tragedy (Drewry and O'connor 352). By the 1930's, thirteen million workers lost their jobs which is 25 percent of all workers. The blacks and unskilled workers were always the first to be fired. Farmers had no money and weren't capable of paying their mortgages. Americans traveled throughout the country looking for a place to work to support themselves and their family (Drewry and O'connor 560-561). John Steinbeck, born in 1902, grew up during the Depression near the fertile Salinas Valley and wrote many books of fiction based on his background and experiences during that time and area of the country. One of his great works would be the Grapes of Wrath. In this book, Steinbeck describes the farmers plight during the Great Depression and drought. When the rains failed to come, the grass began to disappear. As the farmers watched their plants turn brown and the dirt slowly turn to dust they began to fear what was to come. In the water-cut gullies the earth dusted down in dry little streams. As the sharp su! n struck day after day, the leaves of the young corn became less stiff and erect. "Then it was June and the sun shone more fiercely. The brown lines on the corn leaves widened and moved in on the central ribs. The weeds frayed and edged back toward their roots. The air was thin and the sky more pale; and every day the earth paled. (4). The farmers worst fears were realized when their corn and other crops began to die. The dust became so bad they had to cover their mouths with handkerchiefs so they could breath (5). When the drought hit the Great Plains and the soil turned to dust, many farmers moved to California because they could no longer farm their land(Drewry and O'connor 561). The drought began to affect other parts of the country. In 1930, Missouri's belt of fertile land dried up. Ponds, streams, and springs all dried up and the great Mississippi River water level sank lower than ever recorded. Small farmers every-where began to feel the drought. Their smal! l gardens were ruined and their corn crop was cut almost down to nothing. The hay and grass needed to feed their livestock was no longer available. They now

7 Tips for Keeping Your Summer Job

7 Tips for Keeping Your Summer Job Its summertime and you’ve landed a great job, and keeping it requires hard work. Since there is considerable competition in the workplace, it is important that you follow a few simple rules that show you have what it takes. Aside from a weekly paycheck, summer employment enhances your resume, and strong letters of recommendation from your employer go a long way when applying for another job. How Many Summer Jobs Are There?The number of summer jobs is holding steady but declining in some industries. Overall, the labor market swells in summer as workers 16 to 24 years of age find employment between April and July each year. In July 2014, 23.4 million individuals in this age group found summer employment, an increase of 1.2 percent over 2013.Summer Jobs Vary by IndustryOverall, the food service industry had the highest percentage of employees during the summer months in 2014. Since restaurants hire more employees during summer vacation when presented with a burgeoning influx of p atrons, this might be a good choice for your job search. The number of sales jobs accounted for about 24 percent, lower than in previous summers.How to Prove Your MettleOnce you have found the job that meets your needs, you want to keep it. Each job has certain demands, and meeting those requirements is important. Knowing what makes you a valuable employee is a step toward becoming one.1. Be PunctualNothing is more important for keeping a business running properly. If one employee is late, it has repercussions on everyone. Leaving for work with time to spare makes sure that roadway conditions or traffic won’t affect you. Some successful employees make it a habit to be at work 10 minutes early every day. It gives them time to relax after the commute and get in the workday mood.2. Be a Team PlayerRemember you are part of a team, and team members support each other. Doing your job and helping another employee if asked, is what members of a team do. If a fellow employee is ill or has an important family affair, offering to switch shifts, or doing a double to help them out shows how much of a team player you are.3. Be NeatLooking neat is what customers see first. If you wear a uniform, make sure it is pressed and clean. Since you represent your employer as you interact with customers, this is something on which most businesses insist.4. Show InitiativeLook around when your duties are at a momentary standstill for something that needs attention. For instance, tables may need to be cleaned, or display cases may need to be straightened. Making the effort shows you have initiative, a prized trait for an employee to have. In addition, letting your employer know that you are willing to take on extra work or shifts is valuable, and your paycheck will reflect the additional hours.5. Stay in the MomentDon’t be on Facebook or talking on your cell phone. That sends a message to your employer that something else is more important than doing your job. For an emplo yer, having an employee who know how to work and puts other activities aside until work is over is essential.6. Be CourteousBeing courteous to customers is vitally important, and both the business patrons and your employer will notice. If your job involves getting a tip, a smile and helpful demeanor may make the difference on how much a customer will leave.7. Show RespectShowing respect has a lot more to it than saying thank you. Responsibility is a form of respect, and being at work every day is your responsibility. If you are unable to be there, call in ahead of time and give your employer enough time to find a replacement for your shift. Some establishments let you make a shift change yourself, so having a good network of fellow workers is important. Don’t make the mistake of calling in sick to spend the day at the beach. It’s amazing how often a fellow employee or the boss will see you there.Let you employer know if you would like to continue working on a long-term basis. If you have proven you have a strong work ethic, he or she might want to accommodate that desire.How to Find a Summer JobUsing a job search site such as TheJobNetwork makes finding summer work easy. You can browse for jobs online or use the platform’s job match function. You upload your preferences and resume, and the system searches for matching jobs 24 hours a day. When appropriate jobs are found, you are sent an email alert. The jobs are ranked according to the information you entered.

Teaching the Functional Skill of Tooth Brushing

Teaching the Functional Skill of Tooth Brushing Tooth brushing is both an important functional life skill and an appropriate skill for school intervention.   Other functional life skills like showering may be appropriate in residential settings, but its necessary to remember that only a small minority of students are in residential placements   In that way, tooth brushing is a pivotal skill in a way  that will lead to success in other task analysis based skill programs.  Once a student understands how completing one step leads to the next, they will more quickly acquire new skills.   Tooth Brushing Task Analysis First, you need to start with a task analysis, which lays out the discrete steps that a child must complete in order to complete the entire task. These need to be operationalized or described in a clear way that any two observers would see the behavior and identify it in the same way.  Below is a straightforward task analysis. Remove toothpaste and toothbrush from the drawerTurn on cold waterWet toothbrush     Ã‚  Ã‚     Remove cap from toothpaste     Ã‚  Ã‚  Squeeze 3/4 inch of  toothpaste on bristles   Ã‚  Ã‚     Place brush with toothpaste into the top right side of the mouthBrush up and downPlace brush into the left top sideBrush up and downRepeat on right bottomRepeat on left bottomBrush front top and bottom teethRinse mouth with water from water glass  Ã‚  Rinse your brush in the sinkReplace brush and toothpasteTurn off water Instructional Strategy Once you have a task analysis that fits your students need, you have to choose how you will teach it.   Students with a significantly disabling disability may need either forward or backward chaining, teaching one or two steps at a time, mastering each before moving on, or  your student may be able to learn the whole task, using visual prompts, or even a list, for students with strong language skills. Forward Chaining:  Forward chaining  is recommended for a student who is capable of learning multiple steps quickly, over a short span of time.  A student with good receptive language may respond quickly to modeling and some verbal prompting. You will want to be sure that the student exhibits mastery of the first two or three steps without prompting before moving on, but you will be able to expand the steps quickly.   Ã‚   Backward Chaining:  Backward chaining  is recommended for students who do not have strong language.  By performing the early steps hand over hand while naming them, you will be giving your student repeated practice in the steps for tooth brushing while building receptive vocabulary, and as you get closer to the end, you will withdraw prompting for the last steps, while keeping the reinforcement for completion closest to successful completion of the task.   Complete Task: This is the most successful with children with high functional skills. They may even be able to complete the task with a written checklist.   Visual Schedule In each of these strategies, a visual schedule would be helpful. Creating a picture schedule with the student completing each step (heavily edited, of course,) is a very effective way to support student success. The visual schedule can be reviewed before you brush teeth or can be placed on the counter. Try using laminated pictures with a hole punched in the corner, bound with a binder ring. You could also make a flip book using two rings at the top of the pictures, having the students lift and flip each page.   Evaluating Success In order to determine whether your student is making progress, youll want to be sure you are not over prompting which may easily lead to prompt dependence.

INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL dispute resolution Essay

INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL dispute resolution - Essay Example The International Council for Commercial Arbitration (ICCA) has been set up to meet the expectations of all global parties that enter into negotiations with other entities outside their country of origin or where territorial boundary of countries was merged. In light of international conflict resolution, this paper will try to discuss the arbitrator’s duty of impartiality and independence under the English arbitration Act and compare with at least another system using resolved cases as basis. Arbitration Arbitration is one of the more popular forms of alternative dispute resolution of which two opposing parties agree to use a third person or more to settle the case in question. Although conducted outside the court, this system is acceptable and legal with the decision called the award1. The third party reviews the dispute and provides a decision that the parties have agreed to be bound. In many countries, the arbitration may either be mandatory or voluntary and it is often use d in commercial transactions even between varying nationals or countries. The third party of the arbitration process is called the arbitrator and the arbitrator is independent and impartial23. The International Commercial Congress of Arbitration clarified that arbitration follows the contractualist theory of arbitration that the parties have the right to control the process and maintain that right during the process; and that the parties’ agreement to settle their disputes entails to allow the arbitrator or arbitrators to control the process4. However, in reality, the ICCA stated that it is the State which has sole control of the arbitral process because it provides the power to the parties as well as the arbitrators. The role of the State is apparent in the principle of independence as well as impartiality of the arbitrators together with the principle of immunity bestowed on the arbitrator by the State5. An Arbitrator’s Duty of Impartiality The impartiality of the ar bitrator is a traditional expectation of which â€Å"business managers, investors, and nations entrust their treasure and their welfare,†6. The ethical principles must be guarded by the arbitrators themselves. There are continuing trends and changes that may affect attitudes and will temp arbitrators such as conflict-of-interest cases but Park endorsed an implementation with â€Å"sensitivity to new trouble spots,†7. Such caution of impartiality can be attributed to a lawyer who may serve as an advocate for one case but where there is shift of role to an arbitrator, will remain open about propositions so that regular adjustment becomes necessary on the part of the arbitrator8. The expectation on the arbitrator as impartial was further explored by Bishop and Reed as â€Å"An arbitrator who is impartial but not wholly independent may be qualified, while an independent arbitrator who is not impartial must be disqualified. In selecting party-appointed arbitrators in inter national arbitration, the absolutely inalienable and predominant standard should be impartiality,†9. These conflicts were observed in the cases mentioned in the LCIAM AMINZ Arbitration Seminar involving a partner layer in one locality who served as an arbitrator for an overseas dispute10. Arbitration in England and the United States It was observed that court cases in England and the United States have raised the standards for arbitrators as they were accused of possible bias. They were enabled to refuse as part of their rights although

Contact Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Contact - Assignment Example Fitlife's quoted prices are based on the approved date of send out, and apply all through the period of contract, unless otherwise put forward. Packing, carriage, Sales Tax (where applicable) dues taxes, or other charges are extra to the quoted price and payable by the Customer whether or it exists at the date of quotation or contract, unless otherwise agreed in writing. Quotations in currencies other than Australian dollars, are subject to disparity in price based on variation between the exchange rate appropriate at the date of quotation and that appropriate at the date of payment(http://www.Universitypaton. com.au/pdfs/tandc.pdf, retrieved 17 September 2009). (b) Liability for GST (payable in respect of any taxable supply) is extra. It has to be paid by the buyer to the Company when the price and other moneys are payable(http://www. universitypaton.com.au/pdfs/tandc.pdf, retrieved 17 September 2009). the securing and/or shipment or delivery of the goods to the buyer is forestalled or held up by any reason outside our control the delivery and/or shipment shall be extended accordingly(http://www. universitypaton.com.au/pdfs/tandc.pdf, retrieved 17 September 2009). Since the Company is not the producer of the goods it does not give any guarantee with regard to the quality and does not accept any liability in respect of any blemish in or failure of the goods supplied. The purchaser assumes the guarantee of the manufacture which is the only guarantee given to the buyer in respect of the goods. The Company accords to allocate to the buyer on demand the advantage of any warranty or right to the goods that the manufacturer has contracted to the Company(http://www. universitypaton.com.au/pdfs/tandc.pdf, retrieved 17 September 2009). References: http://www. universitypaton.com.au/pdfs/tandc.pdf, retrieved 17 September 2009. http://www.advancedfit.com.au/page/terms_conditions.html retrieved 17 Sept

Driving under the influence Essay Example for Free

Driving under the influence Essay How many of you have ever heard of the acronym DUI? If you havent, DUI stands for driving under the influence. It means that an individual has gotten behind the wheel of the car while having consumed alcohol. In the United States, about 30 people die each day from accidents involving drunk drivers; this means that there are 48 deaths every one minute (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). In 2010, 211 youth, ages 0-14 was killed in an accident in which the driver was alcohol impaired (Center for Disease and Control Prevention, 2013). Not only does drunk driving reflect poor judgment and cause damage, but it impairs thought processes and moral behavior and could result in fatalities. Not only is drunk driving illegal, but it can cause some real damage. The legal age to use alcohol is 21, but drinkers are obligated by law to drink responsibly. The legal alcohol limit is 0. 08% (Century Council, 2013). People who are under the influence of alcohol may have blurred vision and slowed reaction time (Impacts of Underage Drinking, 2010). They are unable to move quickly in rapidly changing situations such as hitting the brakes or slowing at a yellow light. Alcohol also makes one unable to judge car’s distance on the road. The driver cannot clearly see the position of other cars on the road. They may not be able to see road signs, or medians (Impacts of Underage Drinking, 2010). Also, drinking alcohol causes poor concentration and drowsiness (Impacts of Underage Drinking, 2010). It is easy for someone who is intoxicated to fall asleep at the wheel. Coordination while drinking is also impaired. The driver will most likely have poor hand, eye, and foot coordination (Impact of Underage Drinking, 2010). The solution to avoid drunk driving is to never get behind the wheel while intoxicated. People who have consumed alcohol can designate a driver or call a cab (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). As the old saying goes, friends never let friends drive drunk. Law enforcement can also use more checkpoints to check for intoxicated drivers (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). Statistics show that people who do not drink and drive are more alert and make better decisions traffic wise. Also, as many as 1500 to 3000 lives could be saved if there were more check points to judge drunk drivers and if more laws were put in place to punish drunk drivers. Imagine if the world did not have to face the threat or reality of drunk drivers. It can happen. On roadways, drivers could make the decision not to drive drunk (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). A designated driver or a taxi cab could be a lifesaver not only for a person who is intoxicated, but for others traveling on the road (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). What if true friends really looked out for friends and did not allow them to drive drunk? Now, imagine your family, perhaps a sister, a parent, or a friend driving while intoxicated. Could you stand to see the ones you love paralyzed as a result of an alcohol related accident? What if a classmate didn’t make it to graduation because someone else decided to get under the wheel of a car while drunk? These are things that no one should have to experience, but people experience the consequences every day when drunk drivers ignore the harm that they could do. In conclusion, the smart choice is to never drink and drive. Too many lives are senselessly taken each year to automobile accidents involving drunk drivers. Too much alcohol in the body impairs vision, reaction time, thought processes, and decision making. No one has to be a victim of DUI and drunk driving. Before you make the decision to drive while drunk, think about your life and what it means to you. Think about the life of your family and friends, and those you have yet to meet. A bad choice such as drunk driving could cause you to lose out on your future. It could cause you your life. A single life lost to drunk driving is one too many. We can change that here and now. Let’s make a difference. We can do it!

Use of Language in A View from the Bridge Essay -- A View from the Bri

Use of Language in A View from the Bridge Examine Miller’s use of language and dramatic devices in helping the audience to understand the themes of A View From The Bridge Arthur Miller is regarded as a great dramatist and he explores the life struggles of an ordinary man against authority and insurmountable odds and in ‘A View From The Bridge’ he uses many dramatic devices and enigmatic themes to help the audience understand the play. Some of the main themes are jealousy, love, law, justice and social class. The play opens with Alfieri’s thoughtful analysis of the situation in Red Hook. Alfieri is a sympathetic and an educated lawyer and ‘And when I saw him walk through my door, I knew why I had waited’ clearly shows Alfieri’s character of being a perceptive and understanding man. He speaks in a conversational style and he tells the story in a series of flashbacks and he is in control of the play. He immediately creates the atmosphere – where crime was once set in that very neighborhood. Alfieri has a mysterious role and Miller uses him as a crucial link between the characters he is also used as a narrator, commentator and sometimes a character. He talks about it being ‘better to settle for half’ and how he likes that better as, the search for absolute justice results in intolerable consequences as well as, being virtually impossible. Giving details on how the law is limited and cannot deal with every human problem he explains the boundaries to both Marco and Eddie, knowing in his heart they will probably ignore what he has said, however, he cannot take further action to avoid the conflict. Alfieri’s role is to look over the action and remain the purpose throughout, also, Alfieri offers the audienc... ... the audience is aware, from Alfieri’s speech, that the main character is led by fate towards an ending that cannot be escaped by anyone. Miller used the basic themes to build his play up on such as, justice, love, jealousy, law and social class. He used them to put the play together and help the audience understand the thoughts, feelings and emotions of the characters. He used dramatic devices and certain language, from Alfieri’s educated speech to Eddie’s inexpert however, realistic American language, to do so. Miller used these techniques in a clever way so he was able to express his ideas fully. One way was through Alfieri, he was used as a character and a narrator to emphasize the themes to the audience. Alfieri leaves the audience thinking about these techniques and themes that Miller used that caused Eddie to get the tragic ending that he did.

Decision Analysis Essay

Finally, some typical problem classes are examined and some requirements for prototypical structures are discussed. An introduction to problem structuring Decision analysis can be divided into four steps: structuring the problem; formulating inference and preference models; eliciting probabilities and utilities; and exploring the numerical model results. Prac* This research was supported by a grant from the Department of Defense and was monitored by the Engineering Psychology Programs of the Office of Naval Research, under contract While writing this paper, the author discussed the problem of structuring extensively with Helmut Jungermann. The present version owes much to his thought. Please don’t take footnote 3 too seriously. It is part of a footnote war between Ralph Keeney and me. ** Presently with the Social Science Research Institute, University of Southern California, University Park, Los Angeles, CA 90007, (213) 741-6955. 12 D. von Winterfeldt /Structuring decision problems titioners of decision analysis generally agree that structuring is the most important and difficult step of the analysis. Yet, until recently, decision analytic research has all but ignored structuring, concentrating instead on questions of modeling and elicitation. As a result, structuring was, and to some extent still is, considered the ‘art’ part of decision analysis. This paper examines some attempts to turn this art into a science. Trees are the most common decision analytic structures. Decision trees, for example, represent the sequential aspects of a decision problem (see Raiffa 1968; Brown et al. 1974). Other examples are goal trees for the representations of values (Keeney and Raiffa 1976) and event trees for the representation f inferential problem aspects (Kelly and Barclay 1973). In fact, trees so much dominate decision analytic structures that structuring is often considered synonymous to building a tree.

Consulting Services in Information Technology Essay

Before discussing the role of consulting service firms in procurement of Information Technology resources and solutions, we will first describe some rules of thumb that dictate the selection process for aforesaid purpose. The basic rule is â€Å"the simpler the better†, but this often leads to oversimplification of complex tasks (Braley, 2009) and we must avoid wastage of time and resources that occurs due to unnecessary attention to detail. There is a myth that a well-written contract is of primary importance in procurement process. This assumption is not true and leads to a lack of effort in making things go right. Next rule is that one must not sacrifice effectiveness of day to day data collection and other important activities on the assumption that output is the sole primary concern of the system. Schedule of projects must be realistic, which is rarely the case, leading to a myth that projects never complete on time (Braley, 2009). Having discussed some of the myths and realities of IS procurement, we will now compare and contrast the approaches of different consultancy firms in selection process. Accenture is a worldwide corporation that provides services in the areas of outsourcing, management consulting and technology (Accenture, 2009). As their value proposition â€Å"High Performance. Delivered. † suggests, they value constant innovation to perform better and their results show that their commitment to their clients is exemplary. Extensive research is their strongest arm which lets their clients procure the best available solution to their specific problems. Accenture works together with customers, including governments, to help them perform much better (Accenture, 2009). Their 2008 revenues were in excess of $25 Billion and income was around $1. 6 Billion showing strong growth from their 2007 results (Wikipedia, 2009). In contrast, Infosys, based in India, has slightly different values but the same quest for excellence. This $4 Billion revenue generating company provides technology-enabled business solutions to help businesses win in a Flat World (Infosys, 2009). The term Flat World is of key importance here. Their philosophy of by passing structural issues and minimizing bureaucratic hassle is embedded in this term. Today, they lead worldwide in the â€Å"next generation† of IT and consulting (Infosys, 2009). Their philosophy enables them to use IT to introduce dynamism in a corporation to make it flexible to adapt to rapid changes in today’s world. We discussed two successful IT consultants with very different philosophies but one goal: to provide their clients with the specific solutions that make them leaders in their fields. Accenture believes in extensive research and harnesses its power, whereas Infosys flattens an organization for timely and helpful results. The rules of thumb, that we discussed earlier, are evidently practiced within both consultancies we discussed. For example, Accenture practices the simplicity rule when it uses research to know exactly what is required by client and the level of understanding of end users. Infosys does not let perfection of RFP hinder its flat world dream by putting least emphasis on mere documentation and more focus on tangible results. One trend in today’s IT market is for more and more IT consultancy firms to venture into solution-builder business themselves (Wikipedia, 2009). This diversifies their market portfolios and increases their customer base. We conclude our discussion by pointing out that the trend mentioned above is good for customers as it provides them complete IT solutions within one roof. Both the consultancies we discussed aim to be that one roof for governments and corporate clients.

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my papers my papers Official Florida Driver’s Handbook 2014 Disclaimer ment practices require the collection of certain personal information in the driver licensing process. This personal information identifies an individual and is used for records management, driver improvement, financial responsibility, and law enforcement purposes. The Florida Driver’s Handbook covers many condensed and paraphrased points of Florida’s laws and provides safety advice not covered in the laws. The handbook is not a legal authority and should not be used in a court of law. The Florida Driver’s Handbook is printed in volume and copies already obtained will not reflect any changes made by Legislature regarding fees or laws passed after the revision date. Failure to provide the required information will result in denial of a license or identification card. Falsification of information may result in prosecution. Florida law specifies that all documents or other material made or received in connection with the transaction of official business by any agency are public records. In addition to all documents, information taken from them is subject to public disclosure under Florida’s Public Records law. This personal information, including name, address and driver license number is confidential by law, but may be given to law enforcement agencies, insurance companies, credit bureaus, lending institutions, and any other entity exempted by statute. Medical information, social security number and emergency contact information are further protected and may only be released as specifically authorized by Florida law. Remember Driving Is A Privilege and Not A Right. Protect Yourself and Others By Knowing The Laws and Driving Safely. Warning Under section 322.212 (5), Florida Statutes, it is a third degree felony to use a false or fictitious name in any application for a driver license or identification card, or to knowingly make a false statement, knowingly conceal a material fact, or otherwise commit a fraud in any such application. Violators face immediate arrest and, upon conviction, penalties up to a maximum fine of $5,000 and imprisonment up to 5 years. The Division of Motorist Services strives to ensure the accuracy of information obtained in the licensing process and makes every effort to correct any incorrect information in its files. Incorrect information may be corrected by supplying your complete name, date of birth, driver license number, information on the nature of the error and proof that it is an error to the Chief, Bureau of Records, Neil Kirkman Building, MS 89, Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0575, or telephone (850) 617-2000.. Certain information, such as conviction reports received from a court, can only be corrected upon notification from the court that the report was in error. The Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles (DHSMV)will suspend the driving privilege for one year of any person who makes a fraudulent application for a Florida driver license. Under section 322.36, Florida Statutes, it is unlawful for any person to authorize or knowingly permit a motor vehicle to be operated by any person who does not hold a valid driver license. Public Records Florida law and sound records manage2 Official Florida Driver’s Handbook 2014 Automobile insurance information is exempt from the Public Records Law. This information is provided to any party involved in the crash, their attorney or insurance company, law enforcement agencies and officers of the court, after receiving a written request and copy of the crash report. lane unless passing. s. 318.081 F.S. Revises due process procedures for red light camera violation. This change allows placement of a stop on any vehicle owned or co-owned by the offender. Establishes when a private entity may swipe a driver license or identification card and how the data may be used. Also establishes

Surrealism - The Movement and Artists Who Defied Logic

Surrealism - The Movement and Artists Who Defied Logic Surrealism defies logic. Dreams and the workings of the subconscious mind inspire art filled with strange images and bizarre juxtapositions. Creative thinkers have always toyed with reality, but in the early 20th century Surrealism emerged as a philosophic and cultural movement. Fueled by the teachings of Freud and the rebellious work of Dada artists and poets, surrealists like Salvador Dalà ­, Renà © Magritte, and Max Ernst promoted free association and dream imagery. Visual artists, poets, playwrights, composers, and film-makers looked for ways to liberate the psyche and tap hidden reservoirs of creativity. Features of Surrealistic Art Dream-like scenes and symbolic imagesUnexpected, illogical juxtapositionsBizarre assemblages of ordinary objectsAutomatism and a spirit of spontaneityGames and techniques to create random effectsPersonal iconographyVisual puns  Distorted figures and biomorphic shapesUninhibited sexuality and taboo subjectsPrimitive or child-like designs How Surrealism Became a Cultural Movement Art from the distant past can appear surreal to the modern eye. Dragons and demons populate ancient frescos and medieval triptychs. Italian Renaissance painter Giuseppe Arcimboldo  (1527–1593) used trompe l’oeil effects   to depict human faces made of fruit, flowers, insects, or fish. The Netherlandish artist Hieronymus Bosch  (c. 1450-1516) turned barnyard animals and household objects into terrifying monsters. Did Salvador Dalà ­ model his strange rock after an image by Hieronymus Bosch? Left: Detail from The Garden of Earthly Delights, 1503-1504, by Hieronymus Bosch. Right: Detail from The Great Masturbator, 1929, by Salvador Dalà ­. Credit: Leemage/Corbis and Bertrand Rindoff Petroff via Getty Images Twentieth-century surrealists praised The Garden of Earthly Delights and called Bosch their predecessor. Surrealist artist Salvador Dalà ­ may have imitated Bosch when he painted the odd, face-shaped rock formation in his shockingly erotic masterpiece, The Great Masturbator. However, the creepy images Bosch painted are not surrealist in the modern sense. It’s likely that Bosch aimed to teach Biblical lessons rather than to explore dark corners of his psyche. Similarly, Giuseppe Arcimboldo’s delightfully complex and freakish portraits were visual puzzles designed to amuse rather than to probe the unconscious. Although they look surreal, paintings by early artists reflected deliberate thought and conventions of their time. In contrast, 20th-century surrealists rebelled against convention, moral codes, and the inhibitions of the conscious mind.The movement emerged from Dada, an avant-garde approach to art that mocked the establishment. Marxist ideas sparked a disdain for Capitalist society and a thirst for social rebellion. The writings of Sigmund Freud suggested that higher forms of truth might be found in the subconscious. Moreover, the chaos and tragedy of World War I spurred a desire to break from tradition and explore new forms of expression.   In 1917, French writer and critic Guillaume Apollinaire used the term â€Å"surrà ©alisme† to describe Parade, an avant-garde ballet with music by Erik Satie, costumes and sets by Pablo Picasso, and story and choreography by other leading artists. Rival factions of young Parisians embraced surrà ©alisme and hotly debated the meaning of the term. The movement officially launched in 1924 when poet Andrà © Breton published the First Manifesto of Surrealism. Tools and Techniques of Surrealist Artists Early followers of the Surrealism movement were revolutionaries who sought to unleash human creativity. Breton opened a Bureau for Surrealist Research where members conducted interviews and assembled an archive of sociological studies and dream images. Between 1924 and 1929 they published twelve issues of La Rà ©volutionsur rà ©aliste, a journal of militant treatises, suicide and crime reports, and explorations into the creative process. At first, Surrealism was mostly a literary movement. Louis Aragon (1897–1982), Paul Éluard (1895–1952), and other poets experimented with automatic writing, or automatism, to free their imaginations. Surrealist writers also found inspiration in cut-up, collage, and other types of found poetry. Visual artists in the Surrealism movement relied on drawing games and a variety of experimental techniques to randomize the creative process. For example, in a method known as decalcomania, artists splashed paint on to paper, then rubbed the surface to create patterns. Similarly, bulletism  involved shooting ink onto a surface, and à ©claboussure involved spattering liquid onto a painted surface that was then sponged. Odd and often humorous assemblages of found objects became a popular way to create juxtapositions that challenged preconceptions. A devout Marxist, Andrà © Breton believed that art springs from a collective spirit. Surrealist artists often worked on projects together.The October 1927 issue of La Rà ©volution surrà ©aliste featured works generated from a collaborative activity called Cadavre Exquis, or Exquisite Corpse. Participants took turns writing or drawing on a sheet of paper. Since no one knew what already existed on the page, the final outcome was a surprising and  absurd composite. Surrealist Art Styles Visual artists in the Surrealism movement were a diverse group. Early works by European surrealists often followed the Dada tradition of turning familiar objects into satirical and nonsensical artworks. As the Surrealism movement evolved, artists developed new systems and techniques for exploring the irrational world of the subconscious mind. Two trends emerged:  Biomorphic (or, abstract)  and Figurative. Giorgio de Chirico. From the Metaphysical Town Square Series, ca. 1912. Oil on canvas. Dea / M. Carrieri via Getty Images Figurative surrealists produced recognizable representational art. Many of the figurative surrealists were profoundly influenced by Giorgio de Chirico (1888-1978), an Italian painter who founded the  Metafisica, or Metaphysical, movement. They praised the dreamlike quality of de Chiricos deserted town squares with rows of arches, distant trains, and ghostly figures. Like de Chirico, figurative surrealists used techniques of realism to render startling, hallucinatory scenes. Biomorphic (abstract) surrealists wanted to break entirely free from convention. They explored new media and created abstract works composed of undefined, often unrecognizable, shapes and symbols. Surrealism exhibits held in Europe during the 1920s and early 1930s featured both figurative and biomorphic styles, as well as works that might be classified as Dadaist. Great Surrealist Artists in Europe Jean Arp:  Born in Strassburg, Jean Arp (1886-1966) was a Dada pioneer who wrote poetry and experimented with a variety of visual mediums such as torn paper and wooden relief constructions. His interest in organic forms and spontaneous expression aligned with surrealist philosophy. Arp exhibited with Surrealist artists in Paris and became best known for fluid, biomorphic sculptures such as Tà ªte et coquille (Head and Shell). During the 1930s, Arp transitioned to a non-prescriptive style he called Abstraction-Crà ©ation. Salvador Dalà ­:  Spanish Catalan artist Salvador Dalà ­ (1904-1989) was embraced by the Surrealism movement in the late 1920s only to be expelled in 1934. Nevertheless, Dalà ­ acquired international fame as an innovator who embodied the spirit of Surrealism, both in his art and in his flamboyant and irreverent behavior. Dalà ­ conducted widely-publicized dream experiments in which he reclined in bed or in a bathtub while sketching his visions. He claimed that the melting watches in his famous painting, The Persistence of Memory, came from self-induced hallucinations. Paul Delvaux:  Inspired by the works of Giorgio de Chirico, Belgian artist Paul Delvaux (1897-1994) became associated with Surrealism when he painted illusionary scenes of semi-nude women sleep-walking through classical ruins. In L’aurore (The Break of Day), for example, women with tree-like legs stand rooted as mysterious figures move beneath distant arches overgrown with vines. Max Ernst:  A German artist of many genres,  Max Ernst (1891-1976) rose from the Dada movement to become one of the earliest and most ardent surrealists. He experimented with automatic drawing, collages, cut-ups, frottage (pencil rubbings), and other techniques to achieve unexpected juxtapositions and visual puns. His 1921 painting Celebes places a headless woman with a beast that is part machine, part elephant. The title of the painting is from a German nursery rhyme. Alberto Giacometti: Sculptures by the Swiss-born surrealist Alberto Giacometti (1901-1966) look like toys or primitive artifacts, but they make disturbing references to trauma and sexual obsessions. Femme à ©gorgà ©e (Woman with Her Throat Cut) distorts anatomical parts to create a form that is both horrific and playful. Giacometti departed from Surrealism in the late 1930s and became known for figurative representations of elongated human forms. Paul Klee. Music at the fair, 1924-26. De Agostini / G. Dagli Orti via Getty Images Paul Klee: German-Swiss artist Paul Klee (1879-1940) came from a musical family, and he filled his paintings with a personal iconography of musical notes and playful symbols. His work is most closely associated with Expressionism and Bauhaus. However, members of the Surrealism movement admired Klee’s use of automatic drawings to generate uninhibited paintings like Music at the Fair, and Klee was included in surrealist exhibitions.  Ã‚   Renà © Magritte. The Menaced Assassin, 1927. Oil on canvas. 150.4 x 195.2 cm (59.2 Ãâ€" 76.9 in). Colin McPherson via Getty Images Renà ©Ã‚  Magritte: The Surrealism movement was already well-underway when Belgian artist Renà © Magritte (1898-1967) moved to Paris and joined the founders. He became known for realistic renderings of hallucinatory scenes, disturbing juxtapositions, and visual puns. The Menaced Assassin, for example, puts placid men wearing suits and bowler hats in the midst of a gruesome pulp novel crime scene. Andrà © Masson: Injured and traumatized during World War I, Andrà © Masson  (1896-1987) became an early follower of the Surrealism movement and an enthusiastic proponent of  automatic drawing. He experimented with drugs, skipped sleep, and refused food to weaken his conscious control over the motions of his pen. Seeking spontaneity, Masson also threw glue and sand at canvases and painted the shapes that formed. Although Masson eventually returned to more traditional styles, his experiments led to new, expressive approaches to art. Joan Mirà ³. Femme et oiseaux (Woman and Birds), 1940, #8 from Mirà ³Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Constellations series. Oil wash and gouache on paper. 38 x 46 cm (14.9 x 18.1 in). Credit: Tristan Fewings via Getty Images Joan Mirà ³: Painter, print-maker, collage artist, and sculptor Joan Mirà ³ (1893-1983) created brightly colored, biomorphic shapes that seemed to bubble up from the imagination. Mirà ³ used doodling and automatic drawing to spark his creativity, but his works were carefully composed. He exhibited with the surrealist group and many of his works show the influence of the movement. Femme et oiseaux (Woman and Birds) from Mirà ³Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Constellations series suggests a personal iconography that is both recognizable and strange. Meret Oppenheim: Among the many works by Mà ©ret Elisabeth Oppenheim (1913-1985), were assemblages so outrageous, the European surrealists welcomed her into their all-male community. Oppenheim grew up in a family of Swiss psychoanalysts and she followed the teachings of Carl Jung. Her notorious Object in Fur (also known as Luncheon in Fur) merged a beast (the fur) with a symbol of civilization (a tea cup). The unsettling hybrid became known as the epitome of Surrealism.   Pablo Picasso: When the Surrealism movement launched, Spanish artist Pablo Picasso (1881-1973), was already lauded as a forefather of Cubism. Picasso’s Cubist paintings and sculptures were not derived from dreams and he only skirted the edges of the Surrealism movement. Nevertheless, his work  expressed a spontaneity that aligned with surrealist ideology. Picasso exhibited with surrealist artists and had works reproduced in  La Rà ©volution surrà ©aliste. His interest in iconography and primitive forms led to a series of increasingly surrealistic paintings. For example, On the Beach (1937) places distorted human forms in a dream-like setting. Picasso also wrote surrealistic poetry composed of fragmented images separated by dashes. Here’s an excerpt from a poem that Picasso wrote in November 1935: when the bull–opens the gateway of the horse’s belly–with his horn–and sticks his snout out to the edge–listen in the deepest of all deepest holds–and with saint lucy’s eyes–to the sounds of moving vans–tight packed with picadors on ponies–cast off by a black horse Man Ray. Rayograph,1922. Gelatin silver print (photogram). 22.5 x 17.3 cm (8.8 x 6.8 in). Historical Picture Archive via Getty Images Man Ray: Born in the United States, Emmanuel Radnitzky (1890-1976) was the son of a tailor and a seamstress. The family adopted the name â€Å"Ray† to hide their Jewish identity during an era of intense anti-Semitism.  In 1921, â€Å"Man Ray† moved to Paris, where he became important in the Dada and surrealist movements.Working in a variety of media, he explored ambiguous identities and random outcomes. His rayographs were eerie images created by  placing objects directly onto photographic paper. Man Ray. Indestructible Object (or Object to Be Destroyed), Oversized reproduction of 1923 original. Exhibition at Prado Museum, Madrid. Atlantide Phototravel via Getty Images Man Ray was also noted for bizarre three-dimensional assemblages such as Object to Be Destroyed, which juxtaposed a metronome with a photograph of a woman’s eye. Ironically, the original Object to Be Destroyed was lost during an exhibition. Yves Tanguy: Still in his teens when the word surrà ©alisme  emerged, French-born artist Yves Tanguy (1900-1955) taught himself to paint the hallucinatory geological formations that made him an icon of the Surrealism movement. Dreamscapes like Le soleil dans son à ©crin (The Sun in Its Jewel Case) illustrate Tanguy’s fascination for primordial forms. Realistically rendered, many of Tanguy’s paintings were inspired by his travels in Africa and the American Southwest. Surrealists in the Americas Surrealism as an art style far outlived the cultural movement that Andrà © Breton founded. The passionate poet and rebel was quick to expel members from the group if they didn’t share his left-wing views. In 1930, Breton published a Second Manifesto of Surrealism, which riled against the forces of materialism and condemned artists who didn’t embrace collectivism. Surrealists formed new alliances. As World War II loomed, many headed to the United States. The prominent American collector Peggy Guggenheim (1898-1979) exhibited surrealists, including Salvador Dalà ­, Yves Tanguy, and her own husband, Max Ernst. Andrà © Breton continued to write and promote his ideals until his death in 1966, but by then Marxist and Freudian dogma had faded from Surrealistic art. An impulse for self-expression and freedom from the constraints of the rational world led painters like Willem de Kooning (1904-1997) and Arshile Gorky (1904-1948) to Abstract Expressionism. Louise Bourgeois. Maman (Mother), 1999. Stainless steel, bronze, and marble. 9271 x 8915 x 10236 mm (about 33 feet high). On exhibit at the Frank Gehry-designed Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain. Nick Ledger / Getty Images Meanwhile, several leading women artists reinvented Surrealism in the United States. Kay Sage (1898-1963) painted surreal scenes of large architectural structures. Dorothea Tanning (1910-2012) won acclaim for photorealistic paintings of surreal images. French-American sculptor Louise Bourgeois (1911-2010) incorporated archetypes and sexual themes into highly personal works and monumental sculptures of spiders. Frida Kahlo. Self-Portrait as a Tehuana (Diego on My Mind), 1943. (Cropped) Oil on Masonite. Gelman Collection, Mexico City. Roberto Serra - Iguana Press / Getty Images In Latin America, Surrealism mingled with cultural symbols, primitivism, and myth. Mexican artist Frida Kahlo (1907-1954) denied that she was a surrealist, telling Time magazine,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I never painted dreams. I painted my own reality.† Nevertheless, Frida Kahlos psychological self-portraits possess the other-worldly characteristics of surrealistic art and Magic Realism. The Brazilian painter Tarsila do Amaral (1886-1973) was midwife to a unique national style composed of biomorphic forms, distorted human bodies, and cultural iconography. Steeped in symbolism, Tarsila do Amaral’s paintings might be loosely described as surrealistic. However the dreams they express are those of an entire nation. Like Kahlo, she developed a singular style apart from the European movement. Although Surrealism no longer exists as a formal movement, contemporary artists continue to explore dream imagery, free-association, and the possibilities of chance. Sources Breton, Andrà ©. First Manifesto of Surrealism, 1924.  A. S. Kline, translator. Poets of Modernity, 2010. http://poetsofmodernity.xyz/POMBR/French/Manifesto.htmCaws, Mary Ann, editor. Surrealist Painters and Poets: An Anthology. The MIT Press; Reprint edition, 9 Sept 2002Greet, Michele. â€Å"Devouring Surrealism: Tarsila do Amaral’s Abaporu.†Papers of Surrealism, Issue 11, Spring 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/files/63517395/surrealism_issue_11.pdfGolding, John. â€Å"Picasso and Surrealism† in Picasso in Retrospect. Harper Row; Icon ed edition (1980)  https://www.bu.edu/av/ah/spring2010/ah895r1/golding.pdfHopkins, David, ed. A Companion to Dada and Surrealism. John Wiley Sons,  19 Feb 2016Jones, Jonathan.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Its time to give Joan Mirà ³ his due again.†Ã‚  The Guardian.  29 Dec 2010.  Ã‚  https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/jonathanjonesblog/2010/dec/29/joan-miro-surrealism-tate-modernâ€Å"Paris: The Heart of Surrealism.† Matteson Art.  25 March 2009 mattesonart.com/paris-the-heart-of-surrealism.aspx La Rà ©volution surrà ©aliste [The Surrealist Revolution], 1924-1929. Journal Archive.  Ã‚  Ã‚  https://monoskop.org/La_R%C3%A9volution_surr%C3%A9alisteMann, Jon. â€Å"How the Surrealistic Movement Shaped the Course of Art History.†Ã‚  Artsy.net. 23 Sept  2016  Ã‚  https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-what-is-surrealism MoMA Learning. â€Å"Surrealism.†Ã‚  https://www.moma.org/learn/moma_learning/themes/surrealismâ€Å"Paris: The Heart of Surrealism.† Matteson Art.  25 March 2009 mattesonart.com/paris-the-heart-of-surrealism.aspxâ€Å"Paul Klee and the Surrealists.† Kunstmuseum Bern - Zentrum Paul Klee  https://www.zpk.org/en/exhibitions/review_0/2016/paul-klee-and-the-surrealists-1253.htmlRothenberg, Jerome Rothenberg and Pierre Joris, eds.  A Picasso Sampler: Excerpts from:  The Burial of the Count of Orgaz, Other Poems  (PDF) ubu.com/historical/picasso/picasso_sampler.pdfSooke, Alastair. â€Å"The Ultimate Vision of Hell.â €  The State of the Art, BBC. 19 February 2016  bbc.com/culture/story/20160219-the-ultimate-images-of-hell Surrealism Period. Pablo Picasso.net  pablopicasso.net/surrealism-period/Surrealist Art. Centre Pompidou Educational Dossiers. Aug  2007  http://mediation.centrepompidou.fr/education/ressources/ENS-surrealistart-EN/ENS-surrealistart-EN.htm#origins

Global Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Global Marketing - Essay Example Many multinational corporations target customers from different parts of the world. It is imperative for marketers to customize their advertising efforts depending on the global market they are targeting. People from Europe have different taste than American customers. Global marketing has increased in popularity during the 21st century. Marketers today are using a wide variety of tools and techniques to reach the global masses. One of the most popular tools that global marketers are using to send messages to customers is the internet. The internet is a very effective marketing tool because marketers can run campaigns through the internet at lower costs in comparison with traditional media such as the television. Another advantage of the internet for global marketers is that anyone around the world can gain access to a website by typing in the URL. A lot of global marketers are taking advantage of the trend of internet surfers visiting a few times per day social media websites. The l argest social media website, Facebook, is estimated to have one billion users by the end of 2012 (Purdueexponent). The users on Facebook account for one-seventh of the world population. Another popular method global marketers use to reach the masses is television commercials during major sporting or social events. During 2012 global marketers paid up to $4 million for a 30 second ad during the Super Bowl (Yglesias, 2012). An important factor that global marketers must take into consideration is the culture of the country the firm wants to penetrate. The over 200 countries around the world have different cultures, thus marketers have to adapt their marketing campaigns to meet the taste and preferences of the global customers. Consumer Behavior Consumer behavior studies how individuals, groups, and organizations select, buy, use, and dispose goods, services, ideas, or experiences to satisfy their needs and desires (Kotler). To understand consumer behavior markers have to spend time an d resources doing market research. Consumer behavior varies depending on the age, race, and gender of the person among other factors. Companies from all industries must pay close attention to consumer behavior. Companies that are able learn about the consumer behavior of its target market are usually more successful. Understanding consumer behavior is a very challenging task. â€Å"Consumer may say one thing but do another.† (Kotler). Investing money to understand consumer behavior can be very beneficial because it can increase the total sales of a company. Time and experience are two factors that can positively influence in the efforts of companies to learn about consumer behavior. There are different stages of the buying process of customers. The six stages of customer behavior are: problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, purchase, and post purchase evaluation (Udel). Customers often change their purchasing behavior during the ir lifetime. The taste of teenagers, adults, and senior citizens are much different. The income capacity of a consumer influences their purchasing decisions. Many multinational corporations invest millions of dollars in marketing in order to attract customers. The fast food industry invested in 2010 $4.2 billion in advertising (Philpott). Advertising has the effect of creating interest of customers in goods and services. Many consumers are impulsive buyers. The use of discounts and specials is often used by the retail industry to attract customers. It is important for businesses to obtain customer retention. Based on Pareto’s rule 80% of a firm’s sales comes from 20% of its customers. Another way to increase customer retention is by

Oratorical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Oratorical Analysis - Essay Example On June 12, 2005 Jobs was asked to deliver the commencement address for Stanford University in Palo Alto, California. His humorous and yet serious speech is available on You Tube and also the text of it is available at the University’s web site (2005). In that talk, Mr. Jobs talked about four distinct points: 1) His early life through college, 2) His tenure and abrupt departure from Apple and career thereafter 3) Jobs’ cancer diagnosis and facing death before fifty and 4) The concluding statements. This paper will then attempt to give an Oratorical Analysis on that speech and including the text, along with the You Tube video, other information will be gleaned as needed from Biography’s work on Mr. Jobs (Biography 2012). I. Early Life Steven Paul Jobs was born on February 24, 1955 in San Francisco, California. His father was a Syrian professor at the University of Wisconsin and his mother, Joanne Schieble, was a graduate student. Yet there were two very big proble ms, at least for the post McCarthy and I Like Ike United States of America of 1955. First, his parents were unwed and that was the time period females were sent away in shame if they became pregnant, for they were in â€Å"trouble†. The second and equally just as terrible major issue was that his biological father was Syrian, Abdulfattah Jandali. Biracial relationships were a definite taboo although his parents eventually also produced a daughter, whom Steve Jobs finally met in the eighties. So his mother decided long before Steve’s birth to give him up for adoption. The one stipulation she had was her child be raised by college graduates and the adoption was arranged for a lawyer and his life. Yet there was a huge problem with that; they wanted a girl and Steve was definitely a boy. So they rejected the infant sight unseen. A hasty replacement was obtained with a couple named Clara and Paul Jobs from the Silicon Valley. Although hard working (Clara was an accountant a nd Paul was a machinist) neither had graduated college. As a matter of fact Paul Jobs had never even graduated from high school! Schieble was so upset that she put the adoption on hold for many months before she finally relented, after a compromise was reached and the Jobs’ promised that young Steven would eventually attend college. He eventually met his mother and knew who his father was, although they did not connect. Jobs sarcastically referred to his birth parents as a sperm and egg bank. By all accounts Steven had a happy childhood and it was probably through Paul Jobs that the boy developed his life’s work, for man and son spent many enriching hours in the family garage tinkering with electronics. Yet for all of his accomplishments the boy was not very good in school, even though he tested so highly in elementary school that the educators wanted to propel him forward to high school, a proposition that his parents did not approve. A good part of Jobs’ free thinking philosophy was no doubt shaped by the turbulent decade of the sixties, the very years of young Steven’s formative years. One needs to only watch singer Billy Joel’